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class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="Table of Contents submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/toc/" class="nav-list-link">Table of Contents</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="1 Introduction submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/1/" class="nav-list-link">1 Introduction</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/1/1/" class="nav-list-link">1.1 Problems</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="1.2 Expected properties submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/1/2/" class="nav-list-link">1.2 Expected properties</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/1/2/1/" class="nav-list-link">1.2.1 No local observables</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="1.3 QFT in curved spacetime submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/1/3/" class="nav-list-link">1.3 QFT in curved spacetime</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/1/3/1/" class="nav-list-link">1.3.1 Unruh radiation in flat space</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/1/3/2/" class="nav-list-link">1.3.2 Hawking radiation</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="1.3.3 The information paradox submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/1/3/3/" class="nav-list-link">1.3.3 The information paradox</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/1/3/3/1/" class="nav-list-link">1.3.3.1 The small corrections theorem</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/1/3/3/2/" class="nav-list-link">1.3.3.2 AMPS firewall</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="1.4 GR as a QFT submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/1/4/" class="nav-list-link">1.4 GR as a QFT</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/1/4/1/" class="nav-list-link">1.4.1 Perturbative</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/1/4/2/" class="nav-list-link">1.4.2 Euclidean gravitational path integral</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/1/4/3/" class="nav-list-link">1.4.3 Gravitational instantons</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="1.5 GR as an EFT submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/1/5/" class="nav-list-link">1.5 GR as an EFT</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/1/5/1/" class="nav-list-link">1.5.1 Universal quantum non-relativistic correction</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/1/5/2/" class="nav-list-link">1.5.2 Uncertainty in the causal structure light cones</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="I String theory submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/string-theory/" class="nav-list-link">I String theory</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/1/" class="nav-list-link">6.1 Classical</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/10/10/1/" class="nav-list-link">10.10.1 Noncommutative algebraic geometry</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/2/1/" class="nav-list-link">2.1 $D>2$</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/3/1/" class="nav-list-link">3.1 Classical quantum mechanics</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/9/2/1/" class="nav-list-link">9.2.1 Holographic entanglement entropy</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/13/1/" class="nav-list-link">13.1 Black holes</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/10/1/" class="nav-list-link">10.1 Mirror symmetry</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/9/1/" class="nav-list-link">9.1 AdS/CFT</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/11/1/" class="nav-list-link">11.1 Membrane theory</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/8/1/" class="nav-list-link">6.8.1 T-duality</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/7/1/" class="nav-list-link">7.1 String compactifications</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/11/2/1/" class="nav-list-link">11.2.1 BFSS matrix model</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/2/" class="nav-list-link">6.2 Quantize</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/4/2/" class="nav-list-link">4.2 Quantize</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/11/2/" class="nav-list-link">11.2 Matrix theory</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/9/2/" class="nav-list-link">9.2 It from Qubit AdS/CFT</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/13/1/2/" class="nav-list-link">13.1.2 Wormholes</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/12/2/" class="nav-list-link">12.2 Bosonic string field theory</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/2/2/" class="nav-list-link">2.2 $D=2$</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/13/2/" class="nav-list-link">13.2 Chern-Simons theories</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/5/2/" class="nav-list-link">5.2 SUSY QFT</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/3/" class="nav-list-link">6.3 Type II string theories</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/4/3/" class="nav-list-link">4.3 Scattering amplitudes</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/5/3/" class="nav-list-link">5.3 SUGRA</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/9/3/" class="nav-list-link">9.3 Flat space holography bottom-up approaches</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/13/3/" class="nav-list-link">13.3 Topological string theory</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/5/2/3/" class="nav-list-link">5.2.3 Supersymmetric localization</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/11/3/" class="nav-list-link">11.3 AdS/CFT approach</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/7/3/" class="nav-list-link">7.3 String cosmology</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/4/" class="nav-list-link">6.4 Type I string theory</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/13/4/" class="nav-list-link">13.4 More on scattering amplitudes</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/2/4/" class="nav-list-link">2.4 Renormalization group flow</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/7/4/" class="nav-list-link">7.4 Particle phenomenology</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/9/4/" class="nav-list-link">9.4 de Sitter holography approaches</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="6.5 Heterotic string theories submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/6/5/" class="nav-list-link">6.5 Heterotic string theories</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/5/1/" class="nav-list-link">6.5.1 $SO(32)$ and $E_8 E_8$</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/5/2/" class="nav-list-link">6.5.2 Toroidal compactifications</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/5/3/" class="nav-list-link">6.5.3 $N=2$</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/7/5/" class="nav-list-link">7.5 Swampland</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/6/" class="nav-list-link">6.6 Vertex operators</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/9/1/6/" class="nav-list-link">9.1.6 Different dimensions</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/2/6/" class="nav-list-link">2.6 $4D$ superconformal field theories</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/8/7/" class="nav-list-link">8.7 Stringy AdS/CFT from $D$-branes</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/9/2/7/" class="nav-list-link">9.2.7 SYK</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="6.7 Scattering amplitudes submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/6/7/" class="nav-list-link">6.7 Scattering amplitudes</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/7/1/" class="nav-list-link">6.7.1 Tree-level amplitudes</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/7/2/" class="nav-list-link">6.7.2 One-loop amplitudes</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/7/3/" class="nav-list-link">6.7.3 UV finiteness</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/7/4/" class="nav-list-link">6.7.4 $l_s0$ $l_s$ $g_s 0$ limits</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="6.8 String dualities submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/6/8/" class="nav-list-link">6.8 String dualities</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/8/2/" class="nav-list-link">6.8.2 S-duality</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/8/3/" class="nav-list-link">6.8.3 U-duality</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/8/4/" class="nav-list-link">6.8.4 F-theory</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/13/8/" class="nav-list-link">13.8 $2D$ theories</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/10/9/" class="nav-list-link">10.9 Higher structures</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/2/9/" class="nav-list-link">2.9 Bootstrap in $D 3$</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/10/10/" class="nav-list-link">10.10 Noncommutative geometry</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/2/2/10/" class="nav-list-link">2.2.10 CFT on the Torus</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/10/11/" class="nav-list-link">10.11 Quantum groups</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/2/2/11/" class="nav-list-link">2.2.11 Boudary CFT</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/13/12/" class="nav-list-link">13.12 Other proposals for quantum spacetime</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/9/1/13/" class="nav-list-link">9.1.13 Holographic QCD</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="2 Conformal field theory submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/2/" class="nav-list-link">2 Conformal field theory</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/2/3/" class="nav-list-link">2.3 Conformal quantum mechanics</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/2/5/" class="nav-list-link">2.5 $3D$ superconformal Chern-Simons matter theories</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/2/7/" class="nav-list-link">2.7 $6D$ superconformal field theories</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/2/8/" class="nav-list-link">2.8 AGT correspondence</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/2/10/" class="nav-list-link">2.10 Nonrelativistic Schrödinger CFTs</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/2/11/" class="nav-list-link">2.11 Axiomatic CFT</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/2/12/" class="nav-list-link">2.12 Conformal geometry</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="3 Worldline formalism ($$ tension limit) submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/3/" class="nav-list-link">3 Worldline formalism ($$ tension limit)</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/3/2/" class="nav-list-link">3.2 Perturbative QFT (sum over worldlines)</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/3/3/" class="nav-list-link">3.3 Worldline nonperturbative QFT</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/3/4/" class="nav-list-link">3.4 Gravity</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/3/5/" class="nav-list-link">3.5 Non-geometric target space</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="4 Bosonic string theory submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/4/" class="nav-list-link">4 Bosonic string theory</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/4/1/" class="nav-list-link">4.1 Classical bosonic string</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="5 Supersymmetry submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/5/" class="nav-list-link">5 Supersymmetry</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/5/1/" class="nav-list-link">5.1 SUSY QM</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/6/" class="nav-list-link">6 Superstring theory</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="7 String landscape submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/7/" class="nav-list-link">7 String landscape</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/7/2/" class="nav-list-link">7.2 Nongeometric compactifications</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="8 $D$-branes submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/8/" class="nav-list-link">8 $D$-branes</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/8/1/" class="nav-list-link">8.1 Effective actions</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/8/2/" class="nav-list-link">8.2 As BPS SUGRA solitons</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/8/3/" class="nav-list-link">8.3 D-branes moving and merging</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/8/4/" class="nav-list-link">8.4 Creation/Annihilation of D-branes</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/8/5/" class="nav-list-link">8.5 Multiple coincident D-branes</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/8/6/" class="nav-list-link">8.6 D-brane geometry</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/9/" class="nav-list-link">9 Holography</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="10 Stringy maths submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/10/" class="nav-list-link">10 Stringy maths</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/10/2/" class="nav-list-link">10.2 Vertex Operator Algebras</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/10/3/" class="nav-list-link">10.3 Modular forms</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/10/4/" class="nav-list-link">10.4 Monstrous moonshine</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/10/5/" class="nav-list-link">10.5 Knot theory</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/10/6/" class="nav-list-link">10.6 Geometric Langlands correspondence</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/10/7/" class="nav-list-link">10.7 K-theory</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/10/8/" class="nav-list-link">10.8 p-adic strings</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="11 M-theory submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/11/" class="nav-list-link">11 M-theory</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/11/4/" class="nav-list-link">11.4 Heterotic M-theory</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/11/5/" class="nav-list-link">11.5 Miscellaneous</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="12 String field theory submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/12/" class="nav-list-link">12 String field theory</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/12/1/" class="nav-list-link">12.1 Off-shell string theory</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/12/3/" class="nav-list-link">12.3 Superstring field theory</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/12/4/" class="nav-list-link">12.4 Tachyon condensation</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/13/" class="nav-list-link">13 Miscellaneous</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="II Other approaches submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/other-approaches/" class="nav-list-link">II Other approaches</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/13/5/" class="nav-list-link">13.5 Generalized symmetries</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/13/6/" class="nav-list-link">13.6 Pure spinor formalism</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/13/7/" class="nav-list-link">13.7 Nonrelativistic string theory</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/13/9/" class="nav-list-link">13.9 QCD Strings and Effective String Theories</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/13/10/" class="nav-list-link">13.10 Little string theory</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/13/11/" class="nav-list-link">13.11 Higher spin theory (tensionless limit)</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/13/13/" class="nav-list-link">13.13 Open problems in string theory</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="14 Twistor theory submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/14/" class="nav-list-link">14 Twistor theory</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/14/1/" class="nav-list-link">14.1 Real slices and reality structures</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/14/2/" class="nav-list-link">14.2 $M_C$'s conformal structure $=PT$'s complex structure</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/14/3/" class="nav-list-link">14.3 Penrose transform</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/14/4/" class="nav-list-link">14.4 Gauge theory</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/14/5/" class="nav-list-link">14.5 Ambitwistors and $d>4$</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/14/6/" class="nav-list-link">14.6 Mini-Twistor theory</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/14/7/" class="nav-list-link">14.7 Miscellaneous</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="15 Canonical quantum gravity submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/15/" class="nav-list-link">15 Canonical quantum gravity</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/15/1/" class="nav-list-link">15.1 ADM formalism</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/15/2/" class="nav-list-link">15.2 Wheeler–DeWitt equation</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-list-item"><button class="nav-list-expander btn-reset" aria-label="16 Loop quantum gravity submenu" aria-expanded="false"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </button><a href="/QG/16/" class="nav-list-link">16 Loop quantum gravity</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/16/1/" class="nav-list-link">16.1 Ashtekar variables</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/16/2/" class="nav-list-link">16.2 Quantum Riemannian geometry</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/16/3/" class="nav-list-link">16.3 Spin foams</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/16/4/" class="nav-list-link">16.4 Black hole entropy</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/QG/16/5/" class="nav-list-link">16.5 Loop quantum cosmology</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="nav-category">Table of Contents</div> <ul class="nav-list"></ul> </nav> <div class="d-md-block d-none site-footer"> This site uses <a href="https://github.com/just-the-docs/just-the-docs">Just the Docs</a>, a documentation theme for Jekyll. </div> </header> <div class="main" id="top"> <div id="main-header" class="main-header"> <div class="search" role="search"> <div class="search-input-wrap"> <input type="text" id="search-input" class="search-input" tabindex="0" placeholder="Search Quantum Gravity" autocomplete="off"> <label for="search-input" class="search-label"> <span class="sr-only">Search Quantum Gravity</span> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="search-icon" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-search"></use></svg> </label> </div> <div id="search-results" class="search-results"></div> </div> <nav aria-label="Auxiliary" class="aux-nav"> <ul class="aux-nav-list"> </ul> </nav> 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